Silica (SiO₂) and alumina (Al₂O₃) are distinct materials with different properties and applications. Silica, primarily composed of silicon dioxide, has a lower hardness (around 7 on the Mohs scale) and a melting point of about 1,600°C. It is more susceptible to chemical weathering. In contrast, alumina is much harder (around 9 on the Mohs scale) with a higher melting point of approximately 2,000°C, offering superior thermal stability and chemical resistance. Silica is commonly used in glass-making and concrete, while alumina is favored in ceramics, cutting tools, and electrical insulators due to its durability and thermal properties.